Psychology Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Tyranny: A tyranny is a form of government in which a ruler holds absolute power and exercises it in an oppressive and cruel manner. In a tyranny, the ruler's power is not constrained by law or other institutions. See also Dictatorship, State._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Psychological Theories on Tyranny - Dictionary of Arguments
Haslam I 132 Tyranny/psychological theories: prior to Zimbardo’s Prison experiment (>Stanford Prison Experiment/Zimbardo) it had been common for psychologists to answer such questions by arguing that brutality and oppression are a straightforward reflection of the pathological dispositions of those who become agents of tyranny. >Dispositions, >Personality traits. A. Dispositional hypothesis: this thesis argues that pathological systems are produced by people who are themselves in some sense pathological. E.g. people who sympathetic to tyrannical regimes have an authoritarian personality type the makes them deferential to strong leaders and disdainful of weak groups. VsDispositional hypothesis: Stanford prison experiment/Zimbardo: (…) the participants in the SPE were ‘normal healthy male college students’ (Haney et al., 1973(1): 5) and they had been randomly assigned to their roles as guards or prisoners. Accordingly, the extreme behaviour witnessed in the study could not be explained simply as a manifestation of participants’ deviant personality. >Personality. B. Situational hypothesis/Zimbardo: peoples behavior is primarily determined by the social context in which they find themselves. >Behavior/Zimbardo, cf. >BBC Prison Study. 1. Haney, C., Banks, C. and Zimbardo, P. (1973) ‘A study of prisoners and guards in a simulated prison’, Naval Research Reviews, September: 1–17. Washington, DC: Office of Naval Research. S. Alexander Haslam and Stephen Reicher, „Tyranny. Revisiting Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment“, in: Joanne R. Smith and S. Alexander Haslam (eds.) 2017. Social Psychology. Revisiting the Class studies. London: Sage Publications_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Haslam I S. Alexander Haslam Joanne R. Smith Social Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies London 2017 |
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